What characteristic of X-rays allows them to penetrate body tissues?

The ability of X-rays to penetrate body tissues primarily stems from their high-energy photon nature. X-rays possess a significant amount of energy that enables them to interact with atoms in matter, particularly in biological tissues. This high energy allows X-rays to overcome the ionization potential of various atomic structures, resulting in their ability to pass through soft tissues like skin and muscle, which are less dense, while being partially absorbed or scattered by denser tissues like bone.

Long wavelength characteristics, low frequency vibrations, and high temperature generation do not contribute to the penetrating ability of X-rays in this context. Longer wavelengths and lower frequencies typically correspond to lower energy photons, which do not possess the necessary energy to penetrate tissues effectively. High temperature generation is not relevant to the penetrating properties of X-rays; while X-rays can be produced using high temperatures in certain contexts, it is their energy and photon characteristics that determine their interaction with bodily tissues.